A World Without Computer

I have once accepted that the world would not change much on the grounds that I’m not intrigued by PCs by any stretch of the imagination, however it ended up being an incredible inverse. At the point when I rose promptly in the first part of the day, I found the sun despite everything sparkling in the sky, the boulevards were as yet clogged with vehicles. â€Å" Oh, I have said that, nothing will occur! † I mumbled to myself. On my way to my school, everything was going all together. â€Å"Ha!It,s impossible to miss that there are still many individuals living on PCs while I can't discover the change they have brought to the general public, you don't see anything, changed at all!† A couple of moments later, I showed up at the school free from any potential harm. Oh!†I was shocked by the new utensil in my recognizable homeroom when I brought the principal clear into the study hall. Where the huge PC in our study hall ought to have been is presently placed another writing board in. Furthermore, the instructor ventured into the homeroom with a thick heap of books rather than a PC. â€Å"Oh, yes. †I started to understand that the PCs have vanished in our life. At 12 o,clock, when I completed my lunch ,I strolled into the library as regular to go to decipher the English book with a PC . Amazingly, I found a few understudies looking into certain words from the word reference . They were perched on wooden seats in the room where PCs used to be put in. â€Å"God!†I uttered,â€Å" I will come to know it soon. † After going through the entire computerless day in the school, I returned home with the sentiment of something’s lose. I was not astonished to see the vacant table where the PC had been putting for such a long time a period . at the point when I went into my room, abruptly I understood that I should deliver some paper about the physic tests. Before long, I was in a terrifying mass. For heaps of books were set before me, and I was buring my head into the paper. I was obliged to check it up all the books I had. Since I couldn’t click the mouse and peruse through the ?any more. At last, I figured out how to complete the papers and lay in the delicate couch. â€Å"Oh,I felt that I can't remain alive without a PC ,Hope that it will show up tomorrow. †I was worn out to such an extent that I rapidly nod off. I longed for different sorts of PCs. Goodness, a world without PCs is horrendous!

Information system Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Data framework - Article Example Technique/Research Business Need: The work cost control is utilized to control the circumstance of overstaffing of breakfast administration, and in this manner can diminish the superfluous work costs of the top notch eatery to the acknowledged spending range, with better utilizing of assets for furnishing excellent client administrations with proficiency (James, 2003). Usefulness: The usefulness of the framework ought to have is recorded underneath: Recognize the staff blend of morning shift in required number as indicated by the inhabitance of the day Characterizing time-based compensation of staff and chiefs Planning the staff cost of breakfast administration week by week Anticipated Value: We expect the task can diminish the work cost of the high end eatery which is driven by the overstaffing of breakfast administration, because of the insufficient method of rostering. Then again, improve consumer loyalty for decreasing the grumblings about the administration wastefulness. Substantial: Lessen the yearly all out work cost by 5% Lessen the yearly client grievances calls by 10% Elusive: Improve staff effectiveness Improve consumer loyalty Unique Issues or Constraints: F&B supervisor commands cutoff time for 31st May one year from now The framework should have been set up for the following money related year Specialized possibility Albeit a few dangers are introduced, the Labor Cost Control System is viewed as specialized plausible. The System's hazard dependent on nature with application is medium: Microsoft Office, for example, Words and spreadsheets are regularly utilized in every office; and the board staff had all prepared to guarantee their competency level of abilities and information IT division likewise has rich experience and information in the usage of Microsoft Office and other applicable programming projects In any case, numerous decisions of... The principal area is arranged at social affair necessities and demonstrating the framework in agreement to it. The structure issues are taken care of in this phase which permits further entrance into the framework for understanding the business procedure streams (Boehm, 2001). The work cost control is utilized to control the circumstance of overstaffing of breakfast administration, and accordingly can decrease the pointless work costs of the fancy eatery to the acknowledged spending range, with better utilizing of assets for furnishing excellent client administrations with effectiveness (James, 2003). We expect the venture can diminish the work cost of the high end café which is driven by the overstaffing of breakfast administration, because of the inadequate method of rostering. Then again, improve consumer loyalty for lessening the protests about the administration wastefulness. From the authoritative perspective, the undertaking is viewed as generally safe and expected to have high speculation return (ROI - 182.30%). The venture's target centers around decreasing the work costs of the eatery through breakfast administration.

Windy city

Windy city Yesterday, I wrote, Ill be back in the office tomorrow, assisting with the last parts of our process before decisions are made final and mailed out on Friday! It seems Mother Nature had other plans for me. I got to Dulles International Airport (designed by Eero Saarinen, who also designed MITs Kresge Auditorium and Chapel) and discovered that due to abnormally high winds and bad weather in the northeast, my flight had been cancelled and Id have to stay overnight in Virginia. Of course, all of the hotels in the area were booked, but luckily some friends of mine were able to take me in on very short notice. Eventually, I did make it back to Boston today, though I missed the day at work. I can tell you, though, that one of the things that was going on today relates to something MIT President Emeritus Charles Vest used to say. At each years Freshman Convocation, President Vest would begin by saying, You were not admitted by mistake. (I dont know if President Hockfield will do the same this fall) Vest could say that because of all of the checking, double-checking n-checking protocols we have set up internally. So, I assure you, if you are among those who receive a big envelope in the mail, its not because we misaddressed it. I am not aware of anyone ever having received the wrong decision. Tomorrow, Ill answer a final round of questions before Fridays expected mailing. And of course a full update on Friday about the progress of the mailing. In the meantime, there were a few interesting stories in todays issue of the Tech Talk newspaper. First, one about junior Danny Kanamori, who had a role in the movie Coach Carter. During the films production in 2004, Kanamori stopped thinking of the actor as Samuel L. Jackson, famous actor, and started to think of him as Sam, friend and mentor. Sam was such a great guy, said Kanamori, who was surprised to find that Jackson was also impressed by him. He was always asking me about MIT and making jokes about astrophysics, Kanamori said. For a little more than three months, Kanamori was called to the set almost every day, making new friends and great contacts. Though the few lines he had were left on the cutting-room floor, Kanamori is in nearly every scene. Also, there was some coverage of the Nobel lecture I missed by Prof. Frank Wilczek. The picture modern physics provides is strange in many ways, said Wilczek, who spent the first part of his hour discussing the 5 percent of the universe we do understand the matter comprising our bodies and other ordinary matter like stars and galaxies. The other 95 percent of the universe is a mystery, composed of 25 percent mystical dark matter, which is only understood through its gravitational pull on ordinary matter, and 70 percent dark energy, which exerts negative pressure. Wilczek presented two questions: What is the dark stuff? and How do you think about such a question? The rest of his talk focused on the quest to understand these mysteries, a task Wilczek believes might be accomplished by demanding more beautiful equations. With so much left to understand, Wilczek looks forward to the continued creativity and hard work of his fellow researchers. The world is very strange and very beautiful. We should admire it and be happy to live in it. Wilczeks last quote is particularly appropriate to remember at this time of the year. No matter how things turn out for you when decisions are mailed, remember that we live in a beautiful world. The world is very strange and very beautiful. We should admire it and be happy to live in it. Frank Wilczek

The Modern Age Presents Multiple Channels For Action,...

The modern age presents multiple channels for action, dialogue and discussion. Furthermore, social and political thought suggests that spaces of remembrance encourage understanding, thought and reflection. Thus, it is thought that memory holds vast opportunities to mend the of frailty of human affairs. Good deeds, when reified into memories can be held up to be replicated, or possibly surpassed in the future. Yet the process of memorialisation is often contested, for the formation of memory can only occur in retrospect – on behalf of someone or something. Public commemoration is a difficult process, as it simplifies and condenses complex stories at the cost of omitting others. Thus, spaces of remembrance can become spaces of contestation, and memory entails political risk. Memory presents a crucial tension in the network of ideas and action, which are both public and private. It is not only central to improving the frailty of human affairs, it is a dauntingly complex process weaved with intrinsically personal reflections, which, leads us to the fundamental paradox of memory. Memory is crucial to the public realm, but it originates within. Furthermore, the modern age multiplies spaces of remembrance presenting an unfettered opportunity to improve the frailty of human affairs. Yet, the contestation of memories such as those in war have often been internalised, and thus refuted on a deeply personal level – to challenge mourning is viewed as perverse act of disrespectful to theShow MoreRelatedMass Media and Evangelization in the Church8919 Words   |  36 PagesMass Media became very important. The Media texts which the individual picks up or turns on must be understood in the way of a dialogue. The Media are involved in relationships of a dialogue because they inspire some kind of response on the part of the reader, viewer or listener. Media texts are fundamentally dialogic, i.e., they are fundamentally involved in a dialogue. This is because they are intended to provoke some kind of response from the audience. Keith Tester says that, â€Å"it is even possibleRead MoreMining Unstructured Text to Build E-Democracy3459 Words   |  14 PagesMining Unstructured Text to Build e-democracy Background In todays day and age, internet and wireless technologies are increasingly able to provide a way for citizens to engage in political discussions, which is much more involved than in traditional democracy and government action. As such, in this technological realm, the government is able to enter unstructured data into these citizen-created dialogues, which has begun to pave the way to mainly e-democracy and also m-democracy. In viewingRead MoreOld Age Homes: A Lucrative Business Opportunity10484 Words   |  42 PagesOld Age Homes Ââ€"Why it can be a Lucrative Business Opportunity Synopsis Genesis In the Vedic times, human life of a hundred years was divided into four segments or ashrams. A seven year old was supposed to live in Brahmacharya - ashram / gurukul or a present day distant equivalent of a boarding school till his twenties. The second quarter of his life was to be spent as a householder or a Grhasthya. In the third quarter, he was to retire from routine household activities and set out into the forestsRead MoreEffect of Television Research6869 Words   |  28 Pagestheir childhood. In this era, it is really hard to find a child that never watches television unless they are really poor people. According to (Jezek, The History of Television), â€Å"the television has become such an integral part of homes in the modern world that it is hard to imagine life without television.† What is a day without television? Are we really can live without television? How important is television in our daily life? These kinds of questions might have different answers becauseRead More Industrial Psychology Essay8415 Words   |  34 Pageswork simulators, computer-assisted instruction, and role playing. Industrial psychologists devote much time to job satisfaction. They investigate factors that have been found to relate to satisfaction, including employee turnover, absenteeism, age, pay, and attitudes toward unions. Industrial psychologists also study motivation because evidence suggests that both motivation and ability are necessary for employees to succeed in their jobs. Thus, psychologists develop systems for rewarding goodRead MoreFamily Tree19118 Words   |  77 PagesFAMILY TREE OF THEORIES, METHODOLOGIES AND STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION Silvio Waisbord, PhD Prepared for The Rockefeller Foundation INTRODUCTION This report presents a family tree of theories, concepts, methodologies and strategies for change in the field of development communication. It presents a chronological evolution and comparison of approaches and findings. The goal of this report is to clarify the understandings and the uses of the most influential theories, strategiesRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagespeople, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally related, especially in modern fiction. A major function of plot can be said to be the representation of characters in action, though as we will see the action involved can be internal and psychological as well as external and physical. In order for a plot to begin, some kind of catalyst is necessary. An existing equilibrium or stasis mustRead Moredigital marketing impact on consumer buying behavior13654 Words   |  55 PagesEconomics HSE Print 2006 The Effects of Digital Marketing Communication on Customer Loyalty: An Integrative Model and Research Propositions ABSTRACT The cost efficiency and diversity of digital channels facilitate marketers’ frequent and interactive communication with their customers. Digital channels like the Internet, email, mobile phones and digital television offer new prospects to cultivate customer relationships. However, there are a few models explaining how digital marketing communicationRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesWukong†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 5.1.3. Altered Content: Mischief or Sins?............. 22 5.2. Differences in Referential Methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 24 5.2.1. The Decrease in â€Å"Dialogue Content† – Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?.............. 26 5.2.2. The Decrease in â€Å"Other† – The Importance of Narrating†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 5.2.3. The Increase in â€Å"Dialogue Form† – Repetitive Referencing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 28 6. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 30 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 32 Appendix A Read MorePost Bureaucracy and the Politics7341 Words   |  30 Pagesatomisation of organizational sub-units, the decentralisation of management autonomy, the creation of market and quasi-market mechanisms . . . [and] . . . the creation of performance indicators. Post bureaucracy promises new forms of strategic action which will assume a more creative and open form. Comment on â€Å"hybrid political regimes† and â€Å"democratic hierarchies† is centred on the long-standing question of how organisations combine centralised control and co-ordination of resources with the

Fresh Organic Food Market Essay - 1724 Words

Relating to Porters five forces, the two forces which relate predominantly to Kiwi Fresh Organic Food Market are the threat of new entrants and the threat of substitute products/services. Threat of New Entrants New entrants into an industry bring with them the capacity and a desire to successfully achieve market sufficient market share, placing pressure on factors such as prices, costs and the rates of investment required to compete effectively. (Porter, 2008) It is becoming increasingly common within the Organic foodstuff sector for large companies with existing capabilities and large cash flows to enter the market. Threat of Substitute Products or Services Whilst Kiwi Fresh Organic Food Market are essentially competing with Organic foodstuff providers in general, it will be the emergence of location specifically targeting the kiwi organic foodstuff market which will essentially offer kiwi organic food enthusiasts an alternative or substitute product/service. However the objective of Kiwi Fresh Organic Food Market is to encourage engagement and interaction amongst its members, therefore, will also be providing blog areas on website where members can voice their opinion and suggestions as to how Kiwi Fresh Organic Food Market can better satisfy their needs. This along with the fact that there is currently no social network within New Zealand which specifically targets the Organic food consumer base positions Kiwi Fresh Organic Food Market ideally in the short toShow MoreRelatedCampaign Fresh Vegetables, Inc.1539 Words   |  7 Pages Dole Fresh Vegetables, Inc. was incorporated in 1983 and is located in Monterey, California. Dole Fr esh Vegetables, Inc. was previously known as Castle Cooke Fresh Vegetables, Inc. and changed its name to Dole Fresh Vegetables, Inc. in January 1990. The company produces and markets fresh fruits, vegetables, and flowers. It also provides packaged foods such as salads and frozen fruits. Dole Fresh vegetables company converted all of its harvesting equipment in Salinas, California and in Yuma, ArizonaRead MoreThe Australian Organic Food Industry Market Analysis Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary The global organic industry is the fastest growing food category, with demand outstripping supply in most developed economies. This presents significant export opportunities for Australia. Organics is practiced in over 120 countries of which Australia has the largest area of certified organic land with over 12.3 million hectares available. Since 2000, the Australian organic industry has more than doubled in value. Currently there are over 2,500 organic operators representing all levelsRead MoreThe Threat Of New Entrants1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe threat of new entrants is low in the natural food industry. Economies of scale decrease long run average costs which generate lower prices for customers and give a firm the ability to expand. Significant economies of scale for the natural food markets, including Whole Foods, are high, with the ability to create large volumes with low costs. The barrier for both entering into and exiting from the industry are strong. Entry to the natural food markets is either supermarkets changing their corporateRead More1.The Disruption Of Significant Supplier Relationships1383 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships could negatively affect the business. The company is overly dependent on its supplier (United Natural Foods, Inc.), more than 30% of their total purchases in 2016 are from the sam e supplier. If the relationship with the supplier become difficult or it is cancelled the company may face serious problems of supplying. 2. A loss in consumer confidence in the safety and quality of certain food products could materially impact the results of the operations. One of the company’s competitive advantageRead MoreWhole Foods Pestle1012 Words   |  5 PagesPESTLE Analysis Political Factors â€Å"A Healthier You† Government Strategy Reporting of organic prices. Safety Inspections Services. Evaluation: POSITIVE impact Economic Factors GDP: ↑ 3.9% in the 3rd qtr Real Personal Consumption expenditures ↑3.0% in 3rd qtr Disposable Personal Income ↑ 6.1 % in the 3rd qtr US Business Cycle: At â€Å"slump†/ Wages/Labour European Markets: Weak dollar against Euro, Surging Energy Prices, Increasing Interest Rates Evaluation: MODERATE impact PESTLERead MoreWhole Foods Entering Foreign Market965 Words   |  4 PagesWhole Foods was founded in 1990 with a mission to offer good, wholesome food with an emphasis on natural and organic food. Through a series of acquisitions and expansions Whole Foods is a major grocery store representing organic products in the United States, Canada and the U.K. It is consistently ranked in the top 100 best companies to work for and the top 100 best Corporate Citizens. Business Proposal: This document outlines the possibility of Whole Foods expanding into the German Market. ConsiderationsRead MoreFood Inc, opinion paper1518 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 1: Based on your viewing of Food, Inc., how does your view of â€Å"farm-fresh† and other marketing messages that suggest a more organic flow of food products relate to the realities of 21st-century marketing channels for food? The American Marketing Association defines marketing as â€Å"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† (https://www.ama.org/AboutAMA/Pages/Definition-of-MarketingRead MoreEating Healthy Can Be A Challenge1479 Words   |  6 Pagesare invincible. But, poor eating habits will catch up with you eventually. Now is the time to pay attention and make any necessary changes. As you search the Web for articles that discuss the best foods to eat to build and sustain a healthy body, the answers may sound fairly simple – eat only foods that are good for your body. In fact, isn’t that a non brainer? All the experts, doctors, dieticians, health coaches, and medical researchers tell us to eat raw fruits and vegetables. That adviceRead MoreWhole Foods Strategy1168 Words   |  5 PagesThe company I will be presenting is Whole Foods, case number seven. Whole Foods is a supermarket chain based in Austin, Texas which emphasizes natural and organic products. As of September 2009[update], the company operates 302 stores: 291 stores in 38 U.S. states and the District of Columbia; six stores in Canada; and five stores in the United Kingdom. External assessment: There are over one hundred thousand grocery stores in the United States, with a wide variety of types. Stores range fromRead MoreMission Statement Of The Fresh Market1123 Words   |  5 Pagesmission statement of The Fresh Market is focused on the shopping experience of the customer by promising fresh, local goods, and an undoubtedly high focus on the customer. The Fresh Market website states that, The Fresh Market, Inc. is a high-growth specialty retailer focused on creating an extraordinary food shopping experience for its customers. Since opening its first store in 1982, The Fresh Market has offered high-quality food products, with an emphasis on fresh, premium perishables and an

Compound sentence Free Essays

The setting is a very important part of any plot. It sets the scene, gives visualization, and develops the theme. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird, the settings of Scouts house, Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on Compound sentence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dubos house and the schoolhouse are exceptionally important. It is in these places that Scout learns important life lessons. In the Finch’s house Scout learns about manners and to tolerate other people. Clearing, the housekeeper, spends lots of time teaching Scout proper manner and how to treat people. One of the biggest lessons learned is that looks deceive us and not to Judge someone till you walked in their shoes. She learns to tolerate people when Walter Cunningham comes over for lunch one day. Walter Cunningham is described as, â€Å"looked as if he had been raised on fish food†¦ Had no color in his face†¦ And fingered the straps of his overalls,† (Lee )which is an insult to his health. It describes his as skinny, pale, and not in good health. As they eat the poor molasses all over his meal, disgusting but also intriguing Scout at the same time. Not understanding she comments, â€Å"what the Sam hill he was doing†(Lee ). This immediately enrages Clearing and she scolds Scout. Callers reaction caused Scout to realize that she must be more aware of the ways of other people and that she needs to tolerate and accept them and accept them for who they are no matter how different or strange. However, Calendar Isn’t the only person In the Finch home that has taught her important lessons. Attic’s Finch has taught Scout some of the most Important lessons about society and why people are the way they are. How to cite Compound sentence, Papers

The Nice Trap free essay sample

In these pages we’ve already noted that one downside of  agreeableness is that agreeable people tend to have lower  levels of career success. Though agreeableness doesn’t appear  to be related to job performance, agreeable people  do earn less money. Though we’re not sure why this is so,  it may be that agreeable individuals are less aggressive in  negotiating starting salaries and pay raises for themselves. Yet there is clear evidence that agreeableness is something  employers value. Several recent books argue in favor  of the â€Å"power of nice† (Thaler Koval, 2006) and â€Å"the  kindness revolution† (Horrell, 2006).Other articles in the  business press have argued that the sensitive, agreeable  CEO—as manifested in CEOs such as GE’s Jeffrey Immelt  and Boeing’s James McNerney—signals a shift in business  culture (Brady, 2007). In many circles, individuals desiring  success in their careers are exhorted to be â€Å"complimentary,†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"kind,† and â€Å"good† (for example, Schillinger, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on The Nice Trap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Take the example of 500-employee Lindblad Expeditions. It emphasizes agreeableness in its hiring decisions. The VP of  HR commented, â€Å"You can teach people any technical skill,  but you can’t teach them how to be a kindhearted, generous-minded  person with an open spirit. So, while employers want agreeable employees, agreeable  employees are not better job performers, and they are  less successful in their careers. One might explain this apparent  contradiction by noting that employers value agreeable  employees for other reasons: They are more pleasant  to be around, and they may help others in ways that aren’t  reflected in their job performance. While the former point  seems fair enough—agreeable people are better liked—it’s  not clear that agreeable individuals actually help people  more.A review of the â€Å"organizational citizenship† literature  revealed a pretty weak correlation between an employee’s  agreeableness and how much he or she helped others. Moreover, a 2008 study of CEO and CEO candidates revealed  that this contradiction applies to organizational  leaders as well. Using ratings made of candidates from an  executive search firm, these researchers studied the personalities  and abilities of 316 CEO candidates for companies  involved in buyout and venture capital transactions. They found that what gets a CE O candidate hired is not  what makes him or her effective.Specifically, CEO candidates  who were rated high on â€Å"nice† traits such as respecting  others, developing others, and teamwork were more  likely to be hired. However, these same characteristics—especially  teamwork and respecting others for venture capital  CEOs—made the organizations that the CEOs led less  successful. Questions 1. Do you think there is a contradiction between what  employers want in employees (agreeable employees)  and what employees actually do best (disagreeable  employees)? Why or why not? 2. Often, the effects of personality depend on the situation.Can you think of some job situations in which  agreeableness is an important virtue? And in which it  is harmful? 3. In some research we’ve conducted, we’ve found that  the negative effects of agreeableness on earnings is  stronger for men than for women (that is, being  agreeable hurt men’s earnings more than women’s). Why do you think this might be the case?

Self Regulation

Each individual has personal factors of control. Bandura (in Feist, Feist, 2009) presents three main internal factors of self regulation, self-observation, judgment, and self-reaction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Self Regulation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Self-observation is the ability to monitor personal actions, thought and behavior. Self-observation also responds to ignoring others. Self-observation goes close with judgment as only on the basis for making personal conclusions about the actions. On the basis of judgment the reaction is completed. Therefore, self-reaction is the third component of Bandura’s internal factors of self-regulation (in Feist, Feist, 2009). These factors may be referred to different spheres of human life. Dwelling upon God’s Word and the Holy Spirit work within believers regarding self-regulation, it is possible to state that God’s Word teach people en dure the limitations of the present life, judge others as one wants to be judged and react calm on the events trying to teach others behave in a pacific manner. Regarding self-observation God’s Word dwells upon constant control of one’s actions and thoughts. People have to think constantly about God and the actions they do or they are going to do. These actions should start with a Holly thought. Self-observation should be based on the fairness and desire for assisting others. All the thoughts of a person should be clear and faithful. Observing personal actions and looking at the situation from a personal perspective, people should remember that their judgments are to be based on the Holly bible.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More God teaches people to avoid judgment as the desire to blame others as people are unable to judge, only God has such a power. Still, judgment may have another nature. After self-observation people are sure to refer to judgment as the possibility to think and draw conclusions. Judgment from the god’s perspective should be just the thinking processes and the ability to monitor personal actions. Personal judgment is based on the personal standards which are to be related to the Holly Bible. Only those people who are able to remain calm and unbiased after self-observation can fairly judge the situation. After the judgment as the evaluation of the personal attitude to the issue people usually turn to self-reaction. It is essentially to react to the actions appropriately. Personal reaction of an individual should be based on the God’s word who rejects any aggression. The reaction of a personality should be calm and even obedient. Reacting to the personal actions, a human being should consider his/her actions from aside. God is rather passionate to people, therefore , people should also be passionate to others. Self-re action should directly depend on the completed action and it should be based on the judgment. Having completed something important and having some time for a rest one may award him/herself.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Self Regulation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the judgment of the self-observation was dissatisfactory, a person should think about the actions which may correct wrong behavior. People live on the earth to correct their mistakes, God gives them such an opportunity and people are to use it. Bad actions should be limited to minimum, however, people will do it only after they learn self-regulation in an appropriate way. Self-observation, judgment, and self-reaction as the main components of self-regulation are to be considered as a complex of actions people are to complete. The process of self-regulation is provided within three steps each of which is based on the previous action and i s responsible for the future act. These actions may be completed in accordance with the God’s word if people remain calm. Reference List Feist, J., Feist, G. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. This essay on Self Regulation was written and submitted by user Delaney U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

September 11th essays

September 11th essays Terrorism is one of the more repulsive things in this world. No matter what country you decide to live in there will be terrorism to a certain extent. Some organizations are bigger than others and some are smarter than others, but there is one thing they all have in common, that is that they cause havoc in this world and harm innocent people. There is still another thing that all of these terrorist organizations have in common that that is that they are under attack by the United States of America. America right now is in a war against terrorism and has said that they will completely eradicate terrorism and all forms of it. America started this war on basis of the September 11th attacks and if all the evidence was laid out on a table, it is clear that America was justified in taking drastic steps to end the threat of terrorism in this world. September 11th is a very sad day for the United States of America. On September 11th American Airlines Flight 11, Flight 77, United Airlines Flight 175, and Flight 93 were hijacked by men holding small razors and other weapons, with the passengers of the airplanes not knowing the fate that awaits them. Of these four airplanes two were used to crash in to the World Trade Center Towers, another to crash in to the pentagon and the last, whose destination was never fully know was found crashed in the middle of a field in Somerset County. Soon after the crashes, both of the World Trade Center towers had collapsed and the world was left with a feeling of grief and sorrow. This attack on the United States caused thousands of businesses to close down, cause all American airports to close, and cause the stock exchanged to close down. This event together with Pearl Harbor is the most horrific event in the history of the United States of America and Americans were not going to stand ba ck and watch. The prime suspect was derived to be Osama Bin Ladden who is the leader of a terrorist organiza...

Commercial transaction law and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Commercial transaction law and practice - Essay Example The company should have been also the one who did the vetting of the delivered to make sure that he was believable and trustworthy enough to run such errands. Instead, the company hired someone who would later be identified as a gang member after BB failed to receive the goods. When entering into a contract regarding the selling and buying of a product, there should be certain terms that are to be reached by the two parties that are involved. There are two major ways through which this issue can be resolved. First of all, the two parties are supposed to agree on the time range that will be given for the delivery of the goods. There should also be an agreement about the prices of the products that are being traded. Finally, and just as important, the two parties should agree about who of them is supposed to be responsible for the delivery of the goods. If the supplier is the one to deliver the goods, he is supposed to take charge of the entire process up until the time that the recipient will be able to acknowledge, in signing that he has received the goods from the supplier and that now he takes full responsibility for them. Should anything happen to the goods at this point, then the recipient is the one who is to suffer the damages. The second option that is present in such agreements is that once the goods are ready, it is the consumer who is supposed to take charge of the delivery of the goods to where he wants them. In this case, he may either come for them or organize for how the goods will reach him. Therefore, in this case, once the goods leave the premises of the supplier, they are supposed to sign and agree that now the consumer is taking liability for all the goods and that if anything should occur to them, he will be entirely responsible (Hyland and Patterson, 1999). In the case that is present, the supplier, PSL is the one that is in charge of making sure that the products have reached his client. This means that unless the

Trouble in Paradise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trouble in Paradise - Essay Example This is one of Lubitsch’s best and the most favorite film and had chosen the main character because he liked to ‘rehabilitate obscure European plays’. It was a great box office success and had won critical appreciations from the critics. The popular genre of screwball comedy of the 1930s in Hollywood was given a new dimension by Lubitsch in this film. While the normal screwball films were racy slapstick romantic comedies that just hinted subtly at sex and united the lovers only at the end, ‘Trouble in Paradise’ reveled in sexual innuendoes and larceny. The two main characters of the film were lovers as well as partners in crime whose dedication for their work was equaled only by their passion for each other. Throughout the film, with suggestive dialogues delivered with orchestrated grace and finesse, Lubitsch has not only expanded the idea of thievery into a glamorized activity, he has also shown that sexual exploits can also become intrinsic part of the overall plot. All the works of Lubitsch have his special signature ‘Lubitsch touch’ that never fails to keep his audience very firmly to the ground realities. This film too has its share. In fact, at the start of the film itself, the romantic gondola of Venice is shown as a carrier of garbage! Indeed, the juxtaposition of the extreme is the highlight of Lubitsch films which he carries with aplomb. The film is representative of the artifice that a man is forced to portray in order to accomplish his nefarious intentions. Posing as aristocratic Baron, made it easier for Gaston to fool his intended victim, Madame Mariette Colet and steal her riches. He was an honest thief because he had accepted the fact unlike ‘Giron’, accountant of Colet, who had been ripping his boss for years and yet always pretended to be her well wisher. He even wanted to report Gaston to the police for the same crime that he had been committing for years! The film

Self Esteem and Adolescence

Self Esteem and Adolescence Amber Le Many high school students today graduate and aspire to pursue post-secondary education. One of the many necessary criteria that these students are often required to meet include college entrance exams such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (also known as SAT) or the American College Testing (also known as ACT). These standardized admission tests are taken by high school students where they later receive scores of their performance that determine what range of colleges and universities their scores are capable of satisfying. Today, there are people who oppose to the idea of colleges using these numbers to be one of many benchmarks for determining admissions, as these people do not believe that the numbers that result in taking these standardized test directly reflect upon a students intelligence, but rather their ability to answer questions at a given amount of time. Whatever the belief, these test results are legitimate nonetheless. For some people, these test results narrows down th eir post-secondary paths to limit them, and for others, opportunities are opened up. One can assume that many would prefer the latter result after receiving input on their academic performance, as receiving unsatisfying results is unpleasant for virtually all of us. From this, the question arises of how academic performance, such as these standardized tests, can affect a persons self-esteem. First off, what is self-esteem? In Merriam-Webster, self-esteem is define as, a confidence and satisfaction in oneself. A research from University of California, Davis, elaborates on self-esteem, explaining: Self-esteem is how we value ourself; It is how we perceive our value to the world and how valuable we think we are to others. Self-esteem affects our trust in others, our relationships, our work- nearly every part of our lives. This description of self-esteem describes to us that self-esteem plays an immense role in the outcome of a persons life. A persons self esteem can be affected by many factors that involve in affecting their confidence or satisfaction in oneself. This can be different for many people, as values along with levels of confidence greatly varies from person to person. The general factors include, social relationships, family, school, society, media, feedback, consequences in life, popularity, success, and a persons way of handling things. Self-esteem is important because along with self-awareness, self-esteem is a sine qua non playing a role in a persons ability to realize their own potential and build confidence on themselves. Although there is no mathematical equation to measure exactly how much self-esteem a person has that will result in a specific end product, there are ways to approximate a persons self-esteem, based on questions that narrow down the results to a general answer. The Rosenberg Self Esteem scale is a scale often used in social-science research that involve in a series of questions relating to a persons self esteem. These series of questions allow subjects to answer their questions by agreeing or disagreeing to questions and stating to what degree they agree or disagree. There is then a score at the end of the questionnaire, that shows where that subject self esteem lies. This will help our experiment because we are experimenting to see if there is a change in these self-esteem test results, before and after our subjects have been given test results that please them and test results that do not please them. In such a physically, mentally, and emotionally formative age, adolescents experience and are exposed to many things that affect who they become later in life. These things can both be positive and negative things. At this age, adolescents are exposed to a wide variety of environments that include social, competitive, and academic- all that have the capability of affecting self-esteem. In all reality, any environments we are in are capable of affecting our self-esteem. Nonetheless, being exposed to great motley of these environments greater the likeliness of ones self-esteem of being affected. In social environments, factors such as relationships with friends and families can affect ones self esteem, where good and reliable relationships have greater chances of improving self-esteem, and unhealthy relationships have greater chances of lowering self-esteem. All these apply for the other environments. As stated before, anything that affects the satisfaction of ones self affects self-es teem. In competitive circumstances, one might not be satisfied if they feel as though they failed to perform to their greatest potential, thus causing, though trivial, to become possibly vulnerable of having lower self esteem. Through observation and research, it is possible to believe that self-esteem associates with an adolescents academics and their social skills. The ability for an adolescent to perform well in both environments affects the levels of their self-esteem. Switch it around, and it would also make sense to say that having the deserving amount of self-esteem can affect the way something is done. However, research cannot prove entirely that self-esteem does propose these actions, but it is all left for the individual to do what they believe is correct. Educational and social achievements promote positive self-esteem. which creates the idea of a healthy climate. The act of achieving encourages the desire to continue and to feel motivated. Most schools and communities want their youth to constantly feel this way so that the lack of participation and the struggle to engage should not have to be a problem.   The effects of failure are the opposite and they play a different role in an adole scents way of living. Failure can affect the levels of self-esteem by influencing depressive symptoms among those who do so. Failing also creates mental effects that can affect a persons ability to decide in the long run. These negative effects can continue to discourage the tendency to feel motivated. From these two stances, one   could either try to do better again or quit entirely. Besides the number of accomplishments and failures being made, there are plenty of other factors that can affect ones self esteem level. Many of these factors can be simple things, but can also be complex and affect you for the rest of your life. The factor that tends to influence self-esteem the most are commonly negative. ADD DETAIL. Negative factors happen to be more prominent in the way self-esteem is handled because its harder to get back into the habit of setting goals and achieving them. It would be better to just consider stopping whatever you planned on pursuing. There are personal factors that can help you discover your own identity and make you feel a certain way based off of who you want to be, and there are also environmental factors that can go to the highest extent and urge you to feel a certain way based off of everything that is around you. Personal factors can include ideas that relate towards past childhood, family, and genetics. Depression is a major influence on levels of self-esteem and is the result of not being able to regain that high level of self-esteem. Body image, social experience, performance, and voice are among the common environmental factors most adolescents allow to affect their self-esteem. [[[Luckily, there are many skills and techniques that can improve an individuals level of self-esteem. Some ideas include therapies or practices that can encourage individuals to feel confident in the way that they perform during their daily tasks. The key is to maintain a sustainable level of self-esteem throughout your life so that it is not too high or too low. The right amount of self-esteem will help you in your life, but too much of it can be troublesome. Having too high of a self esteem level does not allow you to healthily challenge yourself and benefit you in your views of life. Characteristics of those who have too high of a self esteem level tend to assign themselves to a superiority, blind themselves from their own faults, and limit themselves to the ability of change and improvement. However, having too low self-esteem isnt something youd want either. It can lead to some dangerous effects.   Having too low of a self-esteem level will put stress on your thoughts, d ecisions, and overall life. There are extreme consequences in promoting a lifestyle of low self-esteem. Some activities that allow you to build and keep your levels of self-esteem include developing new hobbies, exercising, and simple positive thinking. Keep in mind the effect you have towards other individuals who surround you as a close friend, family, or stranger. The way that you interact with another can also influence the way they control their self-esteem level. Low self-esteem is an issue that can extremely affect youth development and social behaviors worldwide.]]] Adolescents are at an age where they arent spending as much of their time at home anymore and they are beginning to become more actively involved throughout their school and community. Because growing up is a huge factor in the form of self-esteem, self-esteem is seen more often in adolescents than seen in adults. Remember that self-esteem can influence decisions made outside of your home and your school. Evidently self-esteem plays a role in specific environments such as social, athletic, and academic. Most importantly, the amount of self-esteem an adolescent has can affect their performance in many different ways. It affects their activity advancement and improvement. These things are important towards their growth and future successes. Will those who have higher self-esteem levels continue to life their life more successfully than those who dont have as much self-esteem? Tons of factors allow an individual to determine what they want to do and how they want to continue feeling. It is important to understand the significance of ones performance; it just so happens that these factors affect it. Works Cited Adolescence and Self-Esteem. (n.d.). Retrieved January 19, 2017, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/surviving-your-childs-adolescence/201009/adolescence-and-self-esteem B. (n.d.). 9 Factors That Affect Self Awareness And Self Esteem. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://selfprogress.co.uk/9-factors-that-affect-self-awareness-and-self-esteem/ C., About Chris Youth Expert, Parenting Coach, Editor of Understanding Teenagers. (2016, February 27). Teenagers and Self Esteem: Key Factors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Understanding Teenagers Blog. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from http://understandingteenagers.com.au/blog/teenagers-and-self-esteem-key-factors/ Factors Affecting Self-Esteem in Teens. (2015, June 27). Retrieved January 19, 2017, f rom http://www.livestrong.com/article/557343-factors-affecting-self-esteem-in-teens/ Raevuori, A., Dick, D. M., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Pulkkinen, L., Rose, R. J., Rissanen, A., . . . Silventoinen, K. (2007, November). Genetic and environmental factors affecting self-esteem from age 14 to 17: a longitudinal study of Finnish twins. Retrieved January 19, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2084483/

Interest Groups and Government Policies Essay

Interest groups help communicate and legitimize government policies in several ways. As instability is sure to attract political activity[1], it also attracts interest groups to meddle in such political activity. When certain government policies conflict with the specific interests of these groups, they can call the attention of the government through public demonstrations or protests. They can also use mass media to inform the general public about their views on certain government policies, thereby communicating not only their position on the issues involved but also the government policies being addressed. On the other hand, when certain government policies support the interests of these groups, they can further enhance the legitimacy of such policies by conducting a public forum designed to increase the public’s awareness on such policies, thereby gathering more public support. Even without interest groups, communicating and legitimating government policies can still be achieved. For the most part, people can still organize themselves without holding a collective interest other than the inclination to either support or protest an existing government policy. Since a more developed country is most likely populated by more interest groups[2], governments faced with the task of issuing specific policies in order to foster economic growth are most likely to face opposition from certain interest groups who oppose such policies. One example is when a government decides to issue a policy of free trade in response to the need of increasing the country’s trading activities so as to stimulate the economy. Interest groups opposing the government policy of free trade can stage demonstrations in public locations. Doing so can increase their chances of being heard by the government and, in consequence, compelling the government to adjust its policies accordingly. At the same time, these interest groups will openly communicate to the public the reasons why they oppose the policy without forcing them to join their cause. At the least, public demonstrations serve the purpose of informing the public and the government that a sector of the society opposes certain government policies. Mass media plays a key role in communicating the views of interest groups towards government policies. Since individuals interact with issues emphasized in media coverage[3], there is reason to believe that interest groups can reach and influence public perception through mass media in general. Interest groups can publish their articles through paid newspaper column space on a specific date of issue that they feel will have a lasting and strong impression on readers. Interest groups opposing specific provisions in government policies on healthcare, for instance, can pay for a space in a major newspaper where they can state their reasons for opposing the provisions and the alternatives that can be done. The method will most likely reach a large part of the population due to the large circulation of a major newspaper, thereby informing a broad segment of the public. Television and radio shows also provide avenues for interest groups to communicate to the public their position on government policies. For example, an interest group opposing the existing government policy on carbon emissions can either make a request to television networks to provide them with a show where they can air their views or accept invitations for discussions or interviews on television. Whether or not these interest groups are able to convince the viewing public, it is likely that they are still able to communicate a portion of the substance of the government policy on carbon emissions. On the other hand, interest groups can also legitimize government policies, especially those that are aligned with their concerns. One way of achieving it is to conduct a public forum where people can participate or simply listen to discussions about the policies. For instance, interest groups can hold a public forum in the town hall and discuss immediate concerns regarding the current government policy on immigration. With the immigration policy favoring their side, these interest groups can disseminate the information about the benefits of the policy which can eventually translate to more public support. Since the key principle is that the people is the source of the government’s power, public discussions conducted by interest groups which are able to gather public support for government policies further legitimize such policies. The pressure of interest groups to their Congressional Representatives can also legitimize government policies. Letters to Congressional Representatives coming from interest groups can help inform these representatives that a portion of their constituents are in support of a government policy that the representative may or may not actually favor. Through such letters, interest groups can put a pressure on their dissenting representatives to favor the government policy regardless of political affiliations. Signature campaigns when taken together with letters to Congressional Representatives can add more weight to the support given to government policies, giving these representatives more reason to align their positions with the public perception. Nevertheless, government policies can be communicated or legitimized to a certain degree despite the absence of interest groups. Other ways to achieve the goal of communicating and legitimizing government policies include signature campaigns, public dialogue with government officials and infomercials sponsored by the government. Through the initiative of a few individuals, signature campaigns can be launched in support of or opposition to certain government policies. Signature campaigns of this nature do not necessarily require the leadership of interest groups since private individuals can also gather public signatures even without an affiliation to any specific interest group. The purpose is to simply gather signatures as many as possible without attempting to form a formal group out of the total number of participants. Public dialogue with government officials can also be a way to inform the public about government policies. The dialogue can be sponsored by the office of the concerned government official or the local members of the community. Through dialogue, government officials are able to discuss in detail the purpose and nature of certain government policies. People are also given the chance to ask relevant questions to the government official whose response can further inform the public. Airing infomercials over the television or radio is also a way for the government to communicate its policies to the public and to further show the legitimacy of such policies. Since an infomercial is basically a â€Å"one-way† type of communication, it can simply inform the public about government policies at best. Government policies communicated to the public through radio or television infomercials are already assumed to be legitimate; the government is presumed to disseminate information about government policies that are lawful and approved by the concerned government agency. Despite the possibility of communicating and legitimating government policies in the absence of interest groups, it is better if interest groups are still able to challenge or reaffirm government policies especially when taken in the context of a democratic society. The presence of interest groups can indicate the health of the political activity in any country. In their absence, the legislature and the government in general may possibly overlook vital social and political concerns or abuse their power to create and enforce policies. Bibliography Bischoff, Ivo. â€Å"Determinants of the Increase in the Number of Interest Groups in Western Democracies: Theoretical Considerations and Evidence from 21 OECD Countries.† Public Choice 114, no. 1/2 (2003): 197-218. Domke, David, Dhavan V. Shah, and Daniel B. Wackman. â€Å"Rights and Morals, Issues, and Candidate Integrity: Insights into the Role of the News Media.† Political Psychology 21, no. 4 (2000): 641-65. Levmore, Saul. â€Å"Voting Paradoxes and Interest Groups.† The Journal of Legal Studies 28, no. 2 (1999): 259-81.

Market Day Reflection

I felt as if was really running a business and that I had to be 100% committed to every decision we made. I was very involved in every part of this project. I was also very eager for market day to come to see if the product we spent months making would be a best seller come time. What made you discouraged? The only thing that tended to discourage me was when I found out three other groups were making a very similar product to ours and selling it at a lower price. This made me feel like our shirts were not going to sell and we would have failed. If you could assign a grade for this reject, what grade would you give?Explain why you believe that grade would be fair. I think I would deserve an A because I was putting in all the work necessary to receive an A. Not only was I the president of the company, was involved in all of my team members jobs as well. 3. Financial Analysis of the Company – How many products did you sell? We sold all of our products (36 shirts). What was your s ales revenue? Our total sales revenue was $453. What was the amount of your total expenses? Our total expenses added up to $392. Did your company make a profit or take a loss? How much? We made a profit Of $61. How did you personally invest in the company?I invested $1 00 into our company. How much money did you take home after market day? Took home $1 13 after market day. What was your personal profit or loss on your investment? I made $13 profit on my investment. Did your group meet their financial goal? Explain. We originally set a higher goal for our profit, but in the end we are just glad that we left market day with a profit at all. 4. Level of cooperation from Other Members of the Team – Discuss the amount of cooperation and involvement of other team members: My other team members split up all of the work very equally.One person stood out in my group though, and that was Taylor Casey. She was the one who volunteered to drive all the way to Tempe to pick up our product when it was finished. Was very surprised that in our group every member pulled her weight, and that's why we were so successful. 5. Business Plan – How were sections of the business plan divided up among your team members? We divided up the business plan based on our areas of responsibility for the company, (the Vice President of Finances took Over all the sections having to do with our finances, etc. ). Which sections were you reasonably responsible for? Id a large variety of sections considering that I was the president, but one section specifically to name was the biographies. When you were writing your sections, did you refer to the business plan outline that was provided so that you would know what questions to answer? Yes I did constantly refer back to the business plan so that I wouldn't leave any questions unanswered. Did you use your time in the computer lab wisely? Our group got all but two of our slides done in the time allotted in the computer lab, so yes we did u se our time very wisely. What was the hardest art about writing the business plan?The hardest part about writing the business plan was making sure that we added every slide and answered all Of the necessary questions in a logical order. 6. Knowledge Gained From this Experience What did you learn about opening and running a business from this project? I learned a few key aspects about running a company and that was be careful who you choose as business partners and never wait until the last minute. For your business partners, I learned tattoo should choose someone who you know will consistently agree with you, and you will agree with them so that arguments never arise.

E-Voting Whether to Protect or Extinguish Corporate Democracy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1963 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION In the contemporary age of technology, rights of the shareholders can be better protected. E-voting is one such example. E-voting process or postal ballot system has been introduced in order to secure wider participation of shareholders in the decision-making of the company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "E-Voting: Whether to Protect or Extinguish Corporate Democracy?" essay for you Create order E-voting makes it more convenient for people finding it difficult to attend the meetings physically. This was suggested by the Second Naresh Chandra Committee Report and the J.J. Irani committee in as back as in the year 2004. The Companies act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as the 2013 Act) has brought in Section 108 making e-voting matter of right for the shareholders in certain cases. RELEVANT LEGISLATIONS Section 108 of the 2013 Act read with Rule 20 of Companies (Management and Administration) Rules, 2014 provides that every listed company or a company having not less than one thousand shareholders, shall provide to its members facility to exercise their right to vote at general meetings by electronic means. Section 110 of the 2013 Act is an evolution of old Section 192A of the Companies Act, 1956 (hereinafter referred to as the 1956 Act) which talks about postal ballots. Pursuant to Section 2(65) of the 2013 Act postal ballot includes e-voting. Where the old Section 192A contains a narrow non-obstante clause relating to only the foregoing sections of the 1956 Act, Section 110 of the 2013 Act contains a broader non-obstante clause meaning the whole Act. This means that the provision of postal ballots as given under the 1956 Act shall not be applicable to the subsequent provisions which include Schemes under Section 391 and 394. Therefore, before the 2013 Act the requirement of e -voting was not applicable to Schemes of amalgamation, compromise and arrangements. The frame of Section 110 of the 2013 Act is that for such items of business as the Central Government notifies, a company must transact that business only by postal ballot. Rule 22 of the Companies (Management and Administration) Rules, 2014 contains a very long list of ten items of business that, apparently, are intended to be transacted only by means of a postal ballot. This particular provision has given rise to the controversy as to whether the postal ballot system applies in addition to or in exclusion to the actual physical meetings which will be discussed ahead in this article. INTERNATIONAL PROVISIONS E-voting might be a new development under the Indian Company Law but it is a very advanced form of shareholders meetings in most other developed countries. Delaware and many other States in the United States have amended their laws to permit electronic voting. Delaware has introduced the most developed form of virtual shareholder meetings by means of remote communication i.e. shareholders who are not physically present may participate in a meeting by remote communication and be deemed present in person to be counted for quorum and other voting purposes. In New Zealand also, by virtue of the 2012 amendment to Companies Act, 1993, companies now have increased flexibility to communicate with shareholders electronically and conduct virtual shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ meetings. Section 249S of the Australian Corporations Act provides that a company may hold a meeting of the members at two or more venues using any technology that give the members as a whole a reasonable opportunity to participate. Though the above provision empowers companies to hold their general meetings electronically, there is still no express provision allowing a meeting to be held entirely virtual. In Malaysia, amended Section 145 A of Companies Act, 1965 has similar wordings as the Australian Law. U.K Companies Act 2006 provides the holding and conducting of a meeting in such a way that persons who are not present together at the same place may by electronic means attend and speak and vote at it. Further, Canada and Germany also provide for e-voting in their respective company legislations. IN RE GODREJ INDUSTRIES CASE[1] (hereinafter referred to as the Godrej Case) In this case, Godrej Industries Limitedproposed to merge with its group company, Wadala Commodities in a scheme of amalgamation. In April 2014, it approached the High Court of Bombay for seeking to forego the court convened shareholder meeting under the provisions relating to mergers and amalgamations under the 1956 Act and pleaded that it may be allowed to conduct the voting entirely through postal ballot and electronic voting as permitted under the 2013 Act. Justice Patel while hearing this case identified many controversies regarding mandatory and exclusionary requirement of e-voting especially in court convened meetings. The High Court observed that meetings called under Section 391 of 1956 Act or Section 230 and 232 of 2013 Act for approval of a scheme of arrangement are not à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“calledà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by the company but are instead à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“orderedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by the court and hence, Section 110 of the 2013 Act is not applicable in case of schemes. It a lso held that the legislative purpose and intent behind Section 110 of 2013 Act is greater inclusiveness and participation of shareholders. However, the right to vote is not a mere right to vote but a right to make an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"informed decisionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which would include right to debate, deliberate, and seek clarifications and amendments. After analysing the various aspects of the purpose and conduct of shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ meetings, issues of corporate law and governance contained in the 2013 Act as well as various SEBI circulars, the High Court opined that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"postal ballotà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is an additional facility which a company has to provide in order to improve shareholder participation and awareness but has left the matter for fuller consideration. In the backdrop of this case the authors enumerate the grey areas in the facility of e-voting or postal ballot system and its interplay with other rights of the shareholders. GREY AREAS IN THE LAWS ON VOTING BY POSTAL BALLOT Disregard for Clause 49 (I) (A) of the SEBI Equity Listing Agreement The heart of corporate governance lies in giving the shareholders, who hold equity in the company, rights to participate in the management of the company. Clause 49 (I) (A) of the SEBI Equity Listing Agreement provides such rights as right to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“participate in and to be sufficiently informed on decisions concerning fundamental corporate changesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the opportunity to participate effectively and vote in general shareholder meetingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the opportunity to ask questions to the board, to place items on the agenda of general meetings, and to propose resolutions, subject to reasonable limitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , etc. In the Godrej Case, the Bombay High Court elaborated that the right to vote includes in its arena not only a mere formal vote but also right to ask questions, seek clarifications ,receive response and right to persuade and be persuaded. Moreover, it also includes the right to make an informed decision. A shar eholder in a meeting by discussing and debating on the various consequences of the proposed move and hearing other members about how it affects different group of shareholders will make a wiser decision as compared to a mere à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"yesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by voting in isolation. In this case it was further held that in schemes as under section 230 and 232 of the 2013 Act corresponding to section 391 and 394 of the 1956 Act speaks of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the calling of a meetingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“not merely putting the matter to voteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This means that it would take away the right of directors or shareholders to propose amendments, as a result of which the resolution can only be put to vote as originally proposed without any modifications. Scope of Section 110 of the 2013 Act à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Court convened meetingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or only à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"meetings called by companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Section 391 and 394 of the 1956 Act and Section 230 and 232 of the 2013 Act, state that the meetings shall be held, called and conducted as the court directs in case of schemes. On the other hand, Section 110 of the 2013 Act states that the company can conduct meetings by way of postal ballot system. In the Godrej Case the court differentiated between à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"court convened meetingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"meetings called by the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and held that all provisions for compulsory voting by postal ballot or electronic voting to the exclusion of an actual meeting cannot and do not apply to court-convened meetings. However, in our opinion, this approach is fallacious to the extent that the purpose of wider participation as provided by postal ballot voting (or e-voting) will not be fulfilled in the case of court convened meetings. In matters of compromise, arrangements, mergers and amalgamations, etc the protection of minority rights is sacrosan ct. The Court by excluding the provision of postal ballot system for court convened meetings ignores the rights of those minority groups who may not attend the meetings. E-voting (or Postal ballot) is additional or exclusionary to actual physical meetings The Court in this case has left the decision on this issue to a more elaborate consideration. The Court has held that any SEBI circular which makes e-voting or postal ballot the exclusive manner of voting are clearly unlawful. Moreover, in line with the 1956 Act even the 2013 Act contains specific sections regarding quorums for meetings i.e. Section 103 and if voting is to be done only by postal ballot, the statutory requirement will not be met. Therefore, in our opinion, e-voting or postal ballot should be an additional facility and not a substitute for actual meetings. This is a facility for the shareholders who are unable to attend the meeting to vote and not to deprive shareholders who want to attend the meeting, discuss and debate from attending the meeting. CURRENT SCENARIO As per Rule 20 of Companies ( Management and Administration Rules), 2014, e-voting is mandatory in case of all general meetings of every listed company and a company having not less than 1000 shareholders. The Ministry, however, vide its general circular no. 20/2014 dated 17.06.2014 has decided not to treat these provisions as mandatory till 31st December, 2014. As per amended clause 35 B of Listing Agreement (Amended vide SEBI Circular no. CFD/POLICY CELL/2/2014 dated 17.04.2014), e-voting is mandatory in respect of all shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ resolutions to be passed at general meetings or through postal ballot. Further the SEBI Chairman, Mr. U. K. Sinha, in his statement to Business Line on 22nd June, 2014, clarified that providing of e-voting facility is mandatory for listed companies even if the same has been made non-mandatory by the MCA. To sum up , the position of the different companies is as follows Listed Companies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" SEBI Circular will stand above the Ministry of Commerce circular for listed companies and thus, company needs to provide facility of e-voting for all kinds of membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ resolutions, be it through general meeting or postal ballot. Unlisted Public companies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" For companies having less than 1000 shareholders e-voting facility is not required to be mandatorily provided both in case of postal ballots and general meetings. However, the application of this provision has been deferred till 31st December, 2014. Private Companies- E-voting is not mandatory. CONCLUSION In the age where rapid transit of information and wide participation is a necessity, e-voting despite its various disadvantages cannot be set aside. If properly installed, e-voting can control fraud, enhance the speed of processing results, enhance accessibility and make voting easier for shareholders. E-voting or postal ballot voting thus is an addition to and not a substitution to actual meetings. A quorum of the actual meeting should be met and those shareholders who are unable to participate in the actual meeting should be given a right to vote. However, a formal right to vote shall not suffice; the voters should be enabled to make an informed decision. The shareholders should participate in the deliberations on the proposal. The system of virtual meetings by way of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"remote communicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as in the State of Delaware, USA is a very good solution for this problem however, it shall not be possible to implement in a developing country like India. Ther efore, we suggest that an online discussion forum or platform should be provided prior to the meeting so that all the shareholders can express their grievances, propose amendments, persuade and can be persuaded by other voters. This way, wider participation can be achieved along with greater transparency. [1] In re Godrej Industries , Company summons for direction no. 256 of 2014.